Putting it all together:
Sustainable Energy is a 3 legged stool:
1. Harvesting: solar (PV and solar thermal), wind, geothermal, tidal, hydro
2. Storage: Hydrogen fuel cells, Concentrated solar thermal (CST), batteries, pumped storage hydro (PSH)
3. Conservation: energy efficiency, insulation (house and hot water heater), buildings, transportation
Smart grid ties all three of these together.
Metaphor- think of food: harvest the food, store the food, don't waste the food.
What is a smart grid?
1. resource aware
2. demand aware
3. time aware
4. storage capacity
5. load balancing/shedding
Germany leads the world in developing these technologies:
Natural gas turbine power plants in the US and elsewhere make it possible to "follow" energy curves from renewable sources (solar, wind)
Conservation topics:
Energy audit (sources, loads, times, fingerprints)
Environmental audit (sound, air, lighting, etc.)
Social aspects (penalty or reward?)
Old testament approach: bad guys and good guys-not very effective, alienates those who can make change happen
Better: graduated approach
HPA Energy Audit: How much are we harvesting, using, how can we conserve, and how much storage do we need?
Go to elab2.hpa.edu (credentials in class)
Look under telemetry for "HPA Energy"
Main buildings: IT, GPAC, Pool, Tennis, cottages, VC
Look for trends, max and min, times and fingerprints
Mauna Lani example
Energy lab example: consumption and production
New HPA energy monitoring system:
http://skyspark.hpa.edu:8080/ui/
How do we reduce these loads?
What are "vampire loads"?
Why is thermal insulation such a big deal?
Hands-on example: heat camera
Footprint demo
Hot water container demo
Hot water heater demo
Refrigerator demo
HPA campus environmental audit: LEED and LBC
Sound (orange nomad units, and netatmo units)
Light (orange nomad units, handheld units)
Air Quality:
psychrometric chart, aka "the comfort curve"
where on this chart do you think HPA sits?
Each black dot is an hour in Waimea for one year. Too cold? Too humid?
You may notice increased comfort when air is passing over you (sensible heat) or the humidity is lower, this is why air conditioning a cool, damp room makes you feel warmer, as AC units decrease humidity.
Smart buildings:
The energy lab is a model of sustainable building, meeting both the LEED for schools Platinum criteria and the elusive Living Building Challenge, the first school building in the world to do so.
The US green building council established the LEED specification to promote leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED), but has no post-occupancy monitoring.
Check this out:
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Click for full-size image |
We created the TCM (telemetry control and monitoring) system you know as
elab2hpa.edu, and later the
EMC systems to monitor all of the metrics specified in the LBC evaluation. These criteria formed some of the "petals" of the LBC, which is pass/fail.
The monitoring system had to gather data on water, energy and environment every few minutes for a year. If we interrupted the data gathering, we had to start over.
We were then audited and later certified in 2011, one year after the building opened for students.
Some of the criteria of the LBC include self sufficiency in energy, water and waste. Nothing in the building can be toxic in either production, use or disposal. We also had to source our materials based on density, meaning our building had less impact on the planet through transportation of building materials than any other building.
Look around the elab for the following features:
- passive ventilation
- passive illumination
- double glazed windows
- visibility to the outside from every space
- large thermal mass
- heat pump for heating
- thermionic heating and cooling
- water catchment and treatment
- onsite waste treatment
- solar PV
- solar thermal energy
- wind energy
- no toxic materials
- building automation system to minimize vampire loads
- locally sourced materials based on density
- FSC certified lumber
- LED lighting
- energy storage systems
- low sound levels
- adequate lighting levels
- No VOCs present
- Adequate ventilation (low CO2, adequate ACH)
Questions:
- If this building cost 3.7M$ to build, and has 6550 sq. ft. of area, what is the cost per square foot?
- How does this compare to other buildings in Hawaii in general, and resort homes in particular?
- What advantages to the systems above have from a cost standpoint?
- What other advantages to the systems above provide?
- Why is this so important for an educational facility?
- Look up LEED for Schools. What are the major guidelines we had to follow?
- Look up the Living Building Challenge. What are the 7 major petals?
- Why are these different from LEED?
- If you were designing a new school building, what would you include?
- Our next project will be to design a new school. What lessons would you bring into this design process?
- What is the night time energy load for our campus?
- How could we reduce this?
- Now that you have access to such fancy data gathering, what would be your plan for making HPA energy neutral?
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