Tags

    Energy conservation, smart grids and smart buildings

    Putting it all together:
    Sustainable Energy is a 3 legged stool:
    1. Harvesting: solar (PV and solar thermal), wind, geothermal, tidal, hydro
    2. Storage: Hydrogen fuel cells, Concentrated solar thermal (CST), batteries, pumped storage hydro (PSH)
    3. Conservation: energy efficiency, insulation (house and hot water heater), buildings, transportation
    Smart grid ties all three of these together.
    Metaphor- think of food: harvest the food, store the food, don't waste the food.

    What is a smart grid?
    1. resource aware
    2. demand aware
    3. time aware
    4. storage capacity
    5. load balancing/shedding

    Germany leads the world in developing these technologies:
    Energiewende: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/easyguide and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energiewende
    Natural gas turbine power plants in the US and elsewhere make it possible to "follow" energy curves from renewable sources (solar, wind)

    Conservation topics:
    Energy audit (sources, loads, times, fingerprints)
    Environmental audit (sound, air, lighting, etc.)
    Social aspects (penalty or reward?)
    Old testament approach: bad guys and good guys-not very effective, alienates those who can make change happen
    Better: graduated approach

    HPA Energy Audit: How much are we harvesting, using, how can we conserve, and how much storage do we need?
    Go to elab2.hpa.edu (credentials in class)
    Look under telemetry for "HPA Energy"
    Main buildings: IT, GPAC, Pool, Tennis, cottages, VC
    Look for trends, max and min, times and fingerprints
    Mauna Lani example
    Energy lab example: consumption and production
    New HPA energy monitoring system: http://skyspark.hpa.edu:8080/ui/
    How do we reduce these loads?
    What are "vampire loads"?
    Why is thermal insulation such a big deal?

    Hands-on example: heat camera
    Footprint demo
    Hot water container demo
    Hot water heater demo
    Refrigerator demo

    HPA campus environmental audit: LEED and LBC
    Sound (orange nomad units, and netatmo units)
    Light (orange nomad units, handheld units)
    Air Quality:
    CO2: carbon dioxide: 400ppm is normal, 800 is impaired, 1600 is learning disabled
    ACH: air changes per hour: we monitor this using CO2 detectors and air flow meters (look up)
    RH: relative humidity, relates to comfort (see comfort curve below)
    temp: effective learning occurs within the comfort curve
    VOCs: volatile organic compounds. Many air vaporizers are serious violators.
    CO: carbon monoxide, usually from engines, car exhaust. We are passively ventilated, so these are likely to be low, we test for them anyway
    psychrometric chart, aka "the comfort curve"
    where on this chart do you think HPA sits?

    Each black dot is an hour in Waimea for one year. Too cold? Too humid?
    You may notice increased comfort when air is passing over you (sensible heat) or the humidity is lower, this is why air conditioning a cool, damp room makes you feel warmer, as AC units decrease humidity.

    Smart buildings:
    The energy lab is a model of sustainable building, meeting both the LEED for schools Platinum criteria and the elusive Living Building Challenge, the first school building in the world to do so.
    The US green building council established the LEED specification to promote leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED), but has no post-occupancy monitoring.

    Check this out:
    Download file "01352d LEED for Schools Checklist.pdf"
    Click for full-size image

    We created the TCM (telemetry control and monitoring) system you know as elab2hpa.edu, and later the EMC systems to monitor all of the metrics specified in the LBC evaluation. These criteria formed some of the "petals" of the LBC, which is pass/fail.
    The monitoring system had to gather data on water, energy and environment every few minutes for a year. If we interrupted the data gathering, we had to start over.
    We were then audited and later certified in 2011, one year after the building opened for students.
    Some of the criteria of the LBC include self sufficiency in energy, water and waste. Nothing in the building can be toxic in either production, use or disposal. We also had to source our materials based on density, meaning our building had less impact on the planet through transportation of building materials than any other building.
    Look around the elab for the following features:
    • passive ventilation
    • passive illumination
    • double glazed windows
    • visibility to the outside from every space
    • large thermal mass
    • heat pump for heating
    • thermionic heating and cooling
    • water catchment and treatment
    • onsite waste treatment
    • solar PV
    • solar thermal energy
    • wind energy
    • no toxic materials
    • building automation system to minimize vampire loads
    • locally sourced materials based on density
    • FSC certified lumber
    • LED lighting
    • energy storage systems
    • low sound levels
    • adequate lighting levels
    • No VOCs present
    • Adequate ventilation (low CO2, adequate ACH)
    Questions:
    1. If this building cost 3.7M$ to build, and has 6550 sq. ft. of area, what is the cost per square foot?
    2. How does this compare to other buildings in Hawaii in general, and resort homes in particular?
    3. What advantages to the systems above have from a cost standpoint?
    4. What other advantages to the systems above provide?
    5. Why is this so important for an educational facility?
    6. Look up LEED for Schools. What are the major guidelines we had to follow?
    7. Look up the Living Building Challenge. What are the 7 major petals?
    8. Why are these different from LEED?
    9. If you were designing a new school building, what would you include?
    10. Our next project will be to design a new school. What lessons would you bring into this design process?
    11. What is the night time energy load for our campus?
    12. How could we reduce this?
    13. Now that you have access to such fancy data gathering, what would be your plan for making HPA energy neutral?

    Comments

    /groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/index.rss?tag=hotlist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/?tag=hotWhat’s HotHotListHot!?tag=hot6/groups/apenvironmentalscience/sidebar/HotListadminadmin2020-08-19 15:43:59+00:002020-08-19 15:43:59updated30adminadmin2011-09-08 21:36:21+00:002011-09-08 21:36:21updated29adminadmin2011-08-24 23:20:40+00:002011-08-24 23:20:40updated28adminadmin2011-08-24 22:42:36+00:002011-08-24 22:42:36updated27adminadmin2011-08-22 02:41:09+00:002011-08-22 02:41:09updated26adminadmin2011-08-22 02:40:02+00:002011-08-22 02:40:02updated25adminadmin2011-08-21 20:39:11+00:002011-08-21 20:39:11updated24adminadmin2011-08-21 20:30:42+00:002011-08-21 20:30:42updated23adminadmin2011-08-21 20:30:13+00:002011-08-21 20:30:13updated22adminadmin2011-08-21 20:25:48+00:002011-08-21 20:25:48updated21adminadmin2011-08-21 20:25:18+00:002011-08-21 20:25:18updated20adminadmin2011-08-21 00:22:12+00:002011-08-21 00:22:12updated19adminadmin2011-08-21 00:18:56+00:002011-08-21 00:18:56updated18adminadmin2011-08-21 00:15:43+00:002011-08-21 00:15:43updated17adminadmin2011-08-21 00:12:37+00:002011-08-21 00:12:37updated16adminadmin2011-08-21 00:12:02+00:002011-08-21 00:12:02updated15adminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:41+00:002011-08-20 23:59:41updated14Added tag - hotadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:38+00:002011-08-20 23:59:38addTag13Added tag - conservationadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:32+00:002011-08-20 23:59:32addTag12Added tag - critical thinkingadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:19+00:002011-08-20 23:59:19addTag11Added tag - ch1adminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:08+00:002011-08-20 23:59:08addTag10Added tag - sustainabilityadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:05+00:002011-08-20 23:59:05addTag9adminadmin2011-08-20 20:47:39+00:002011-08-20 20:47:39updated8adminadmin2011-08-20 20:46:15+00:002011-08-20 20:46:15updated7adminadmin2011-08-20 20:43:07+00:002011-08-20 20:43:07updated6adminadmin2011-08-20 19:14:13+00:002011-08-20 19:14:13updated5adminadmin2011-08-20 19:11:26+00:002011-08-20 19:11:26updated4adminadmin2011-08-20 18:59:57+00:002011-08-20 18:59:57updated3adminadmin2011-08-20 18:56:59+00:002011-08-20 18:56:59updated2First createdadminadmin2010-11-07 01:41:28+00:002010-11-07 01:41:28created1wiki2020-08-19T15:43:59+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/welcomeFalseCh01 Overview/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/welcome/Ch01_Overview.htmladmin30 updatesCh01 Overview Welcome to our APES wiki. You should be able to do the following after logging in with your account: To create a new page, click the ...Falseadmin2020-08-19T15:43:59+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:03+00:002013-02-05 02:24:03updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:02+00:002013-02-05 02:24:02addTag3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:05:35+00:002013-02-05 02:05:35updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:03:35+00:002013-02-05 02:03:35created1wiki2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8FalseEnergy notes/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8/Energy_notes.htmladmin4 updatesEnergy notes Week of 2.4.13: energy wrap-up e2 video: coal vs. nuclear in class AP exams: FRQ 2002.1 2004.2 2006.1 2007.2 2008.1 ...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:20+00:002013-02-05 02:23:20updated6Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:18+00:002013-02-05 02:23:18addTag5adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:12+00:002013-02-05 02:23:12updated4adminadmin2013-02-05 02:21:48+00:002013-02-05 02:21:48updated3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:20:26+00:002013-02-05 02:20:26updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:06:00+00:002013-02-05 02:06:00created1wiki2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360bFalseFeb-May plan/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360b/FebMay_plan.htmladmin6 updatesFeb-May plan 1. conclusion of energy chapters (see previous wiki) 2. GCC AP questions FRQ: 2006.2 2005.3 2005.4 2007.3 ...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00adminadmin2012-03-07 05:53:55+00:002012-03-07 05:53:55updated14adminadmin2012-03-07 05:43:38+00:002012-03-07 05:43:38updated13adminadmin2012-03-07 05:41:35+00:002012-03-07 05:41:35updated12adminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:57+00:002012-03-07 05:38:57updated11Added tag - hotadminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:55+00:002012-03-07 05:38:55addTag10adminadmin2012-03-07 05:36:47+00:002012-03-07 05:36:47updated9adminadmin2012-03-07 05:22:26+00:002012-03-07 05:22:26updated8adminadmin2012-03-07 05:20:01+00:002012-03-07 05:20:01updated7adminadmin2012-03-07 05:18:58+00:002012-03-07 05:18:58updated6adminadmin2012-03-07 04:58:55+00:002012-03-07 04:58:55updated5adminadmin2012-03-07 04:57:33+00:002012-03-07 04:57:33updated4adminadmin2012-03-07 04:56:53+00:002012-03-07 04:56:53updated3adminadmin2012-03-07 04:54:20+00:002012-03-07 04:54:20updated2First createdadminadmin2012-03-07 04:53:33+00:002012-03-07 04:53:33created1weblog2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030FalseGreen Apple/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030/Green_Apple.htmladmin14 updatesGreen Apple Team, Please watch this video about NYC: Trailer: http://www.pbs.org/e2/episodes/101_the_green_apple_trailer.html On the server: http://physics.hpa...Falseadmin2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:24+00:002011-09-13 19:08:24updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:22+00:002011-09-13 19:08:22addTag3adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:10+00:002011-09-13 19:08:10updated2First createdadminadmin2011-09-13 19:04:30+00:002011-09-13 19:04:30created1weblog2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecddFalseQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecdd/Questions_for_Wednesday_wiki_adds.htmladmin4 updatesQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds Team, I'd like to try something for class tomorrow: each of you to create a question from chapter 3, and email it to me by this evening (Tuesday). Pl...Falseadmin2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00hot/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/index.rss?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcomelist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcomeRecent ChangesRecentChangesListUpdates?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcome0/groups/apenvironmentalscience/sidebar/RecentChangesListmodifiedDateallRecent ChangesRecentChangesListUpdateswiki/welcomeNo recent changes.reverse5searchlist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/calendar/Upcoming EventsUpcomingEventsListEvents1Getting events…