10.8.19:
- Why is water depth related to life?
- What impacts coral most: temperature, pH or salinity?
- Louisiana development removed mangrove swamps. How did this change the impact of Hurricane Katrina?
- What is a “littoral Navy”?
Text: p. 147 chapter end questions:
Unit 2 questions:
Unit 2 from Cliff notes 2011:
Mod 14: Biodiversity: (see also chapter 7 in Froggie book)
|
Click for full-size image |
Species diversity:
richness vs. evenness. richness = number of species, evenness = balanced proportions
|
Click for full-size image |
We can calculate biodiversity:
|
Click for full-size image |
Mod 15: Evolution
Three conditions must be met:
1. genetic variation (mutation)
2. some stress that favors this variation (adaptation)
3. survivors procreate, pass on the variation (reproduction)
Genotype: set of genes (dominant and recessive)
Phenotype: traits expressed in a living creature
Genetic drift-pretty much what it sounds like
Bottleneck effect-VERY important: when a species is almost extinct, there is little variation in the gene pool of the survivors, even if their population rebounds (e.g. whales)
Founder effect: random selection of survivors, creating a new gene pool (birds, gilligan)
mod 16: speciation
Geographic isolation (e.g. Galapagos) also found where we disturb natural habitats with roads
Causes Allo (other) Patric (father) speciation
Eventually reproductive isolation will result: different breeds will not be able to procreate
There is another more rare form of speciation: Sympatric ("same father"), from polyploidy, ("many chromosomes")
GMO: see roundup ready corn and wheat, freeze proof tomatoes and others.
Not to be confused with Dwarf Wheat and Norman Borlaug (see population chapters for more on this).
Dwarf wheat was a simple hybrid, not a GMO.
Look up "gene guns" and CRISPR
mod 17: niches and species distribution
Check this out:
You'll see another like this in population distributions...
Range of tolerance-where it can survive
Fundamental niche-happy place
Realized niche-de facto place
Distribution-areas where they live (we'll see more of this in the chapter on population distributions: random, scattered, patterned)
Comments