AP Environmental Science
Withgott (author of our Froggie iBook)
Sixth edition of his text, chapter 14 notes:
apes withgott 6e.14
See also chapter 17 in the F/R text:
mod 56 Human Disease
mod 57 Toxicology and chemical risk
mod 58 Risk Analysis
Back to Withgott.....
BPA-bisphenol-A
Water bottles, food, baby bottles, tupperware
Endocrine disruptors: what are they, how do they work?
BPA is an estrogen analog: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A
Hormone mimicry:
4 Hazards:
Physical e.g. UV radiation (DNA damage)
Chemical e.g. drugs, pesticides, venoms, synthetic and natural
Biological e.g. infectious diseases (vectors)
Cultural e.g. smoking, COPD, seat belts, hang gliding, swimming with sharks
Non-infectious diseases: genetics + environmental factors, e.g. cancer, heart disease, obesity
Infectious diseases (ID): ebola, influenza, AIDS, SARS, Covid-19
Spread much faster bc air travel, trains, trucks (see AIDS in Africa, bubonic plague, SARS)
Kinshasa "AIDS highway" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa_Highway
Toxicology-chemical hazards
Radon: 226 mass, stays in lower lobes of the lungs, found in basements where Uranium ores are present (Colorado, Alaska)
Asbestos: fibrous non-burning insulating material, mined for ages as an insulator, tabletop, flooring, insulation. Fibers in the air cause asbestosis in the lungs, and various forms of lung cancer (carcinoma)
lead: used in many manufacturing processes, batteries, plumbing/solder, gasoline (yes, gasoline as tetra ethyl lead), causes brain retardation (see romans and lead), replaced in gasoline by MTBE, which causes cancer.
PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) fire retardants (e.g. TRIS), PBDEs are also hormone disrupters
Risk vs. reward (see malaria and DDT)
VOC in drinking water
Heptachlor in green chop hawaii
EDB in water on Oahu (ant poison)
DDT-foggers in 1960’s….
Toxins
Carcinogens-cause cancer, long term or short term
Mutagens-mutate you or your kids (reproductive DNA)
Teratogens-cause birth defects: fetal alcohol syndrome (huge in Russia), thalidomide
Neurotoxins-mercury and other heavy metals (Minamata Bay), many derived from insecticides
Allergens-airborne or food borne
Pathway inhibitors-endocrine disruptors, BPA, Phthalates (plastics)
-----------
Exposure: acute or chronic
Polar concentration-air currents
toxic concentration: DDT
Bioaccumulation-A single creature
Biomagnification-MANY trophic levels, MANY creatures
Dose response analysis: determining the dose to have some sort of immediate impact, usually on test animals, but can also be part of a "natural experiment" where something happens to a human or other population, not planned, but well documented.
LD50 and ED50 (not the same)
LD50 is the dose that kills 50% of the population, so LD50 means "lethal dose to 50%"
ED50 is the effective dose (ED) in a test, which can be good or bad: good might be aspirin, but usually it means amount to cause some non-lethal effect, like mice losing their hair.
Threshold dose (non linear)
Pesticide poisoning: Yaqui indians, PCB endocrine disruptors
Synergistic effects
Endocrine disruptors
Risk probability
perception vs. reality
risk assessment
innocent until proven guilty vs. precautionary principle
Laws:
TOSCA 1976
REACH 2007
POPs persistent organic pollutants
Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Dioxin, Endrin
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Welcome to our APES wiki. You should be able to do the following after logging in with your account:
To create a new page, click the ...Falseadmin2020-08-19T15:43:59+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:03+00:002013-02-05 02:24:03updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:02+00:002013-02-05 02:24:02addTag3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:05:35+00:002013-02-05 02:05:35updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:03:35+00:002013-02-05 02:03:35created1wiki2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8FalseEnergy notes/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8/Energy_notes.htmladmin4 updatesEnergy notes
Week of 2.4.13: energy wrap-up
e2 video: coal vs. nuclear in class
AP exams: FRQ
2002.1
2004.2
2006.1
2007.2
2008.1
...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:20+00:002013-02-05 02:23:20updated6Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:18+00:002013-02-05 02:23:18addTag5adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:12+00:002013-02-05 02:23:12updated4adminadmin2013-02-05 02:21:48+00:002013-02-05 02:21:48updated3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:20:26+00:002013-02-05 02:20:26updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:06:00+00:002013-02-05 02:06:00created1wiki2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360bFalseFeb-May plan/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360b/FebMay_plan.htmladmin6 updatesFeb-May plan
1. conclusion of energy chapters (see previous wiki)
2. GCC AP questions FRQ:
2006.2
2005.3
2005.4
2007.3
...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00adminadmin2012-03-07 05:53:55+00:002012-03-07 05:53:55updated14adminadmin2012-03-07 05:43:38+00:002012-03-07 05:43:38updated13adminadmin2012-03-07 05:41:35+00:002012-03-07 05:41:35updated12adminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:57+00:002012-03-07 05:38:57updated11Added tag - hotadminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:55+00:002012-03-07 05:38:55addTag10adminadmin2012-03-07 05:36:47+00:002012-03-07 05:36:47updated9adminadmin2012-03-07 05:22:26+00:002012-03-07 05:22:26updated8adminadmin2012-03-07 05:20:01+00:002012-03-07 05:20:01updated7adminadmin2012-03-07 05:18:58+00:002012-03-07 05:18:58updated6adminadmin2012-03-07 04:58:55+00:002012-03-07 04:58:55updated5adminadmin2012-03-07 04:57:33+00:002012-03-07 04:57:33updated4adminadmin2012-03-07 04:56:53+00:002012-03-07 04:56:53updated3adminadmin2012-03-07 04:54:20+00:002012-03-07 04:54:20updated2First createdadminadmin2012-03-07 04:53:33+00:002012-03-07 04:53:33created1weblog2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030FalseGreen Apple/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030/Green_Apple.htmladmin14 updatesGreen Apple
Team,
Please watch this video about NYC:
Trailer:
http://www.pbs.org/e2/episodes/101_the_green_apple_trailer.html
On the server:
http://physics.hpa...Falseadmin2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:24+00:002011-09-13 19:08:24updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:22+00:002011-09-13 19:08:22addTag3adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:10+00:002011-09-13 19:08:10updated2First createdadminadmin2011-09-13 19:04:30+00:002011-09-13 19:04:30created1weblog2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecddFalseQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecdd/Questions_for_Wednesday_wiki_adds.htmladmin4 updatesQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds
Team,
I'd like to try something for class tomorrow: each of you to create a question from chapter 3, and email it to me by this evening (Tuesday). Pl...Falseadmin2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00hot/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/index.rss?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcomelist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcomeRecent ChangesRecentChangesListUpdates?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcome0/groups/apenvironmentalscience/sidebar/RecentChangesListmodifiedDateallRecent ChangesRecentChangesListUpdateswiki/welcomeNo recent changes.reverse5searchlist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/calendar/Upcoming EventsUpcomingEventsListEvents1Getting events…
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