apes withgott 6e.14
BPA-bisphenol-A
Water bottles, food, baby bottles
See photo 14.1
4 Hazards:
physical e.g. UV radiation
chemical e.g. drugs, pesticides, venoms
biological e.g. infectious diseases (vectors)
cultural e.g. smoking, COPD, seat belts, hang gliding, swimming with sharks
non-infectious diseases: genetics + environmental factors, e.g. cancer, heart disease, obesity
infectious diseases (ID): ebola, influenza, AIDS
spread much faster bc air travel, trains, trucks (see AIDS in Africa)
toxicology-chemical hazards
radon
asbestos
lead
PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) fire retardants (e.g. TRIS)
PBDEs are also hormone disrupters
risk vs. reward (see malaria and DDT)
VOC in drinking water
Heptachlor in green chop hawaii
EDB in water on Oahu (ant poison)
DDT-foggers in 1960’s….
Toxins
Carcinogens-cause cancer
Mutagens-mutate you or your kids (reproductive DNA)
Teratogens-cause birth defects
neurotoxins-mercury and other heavy metals (Minamata Bay)
allergens-airborne or food borne
pathway inhibitors-endocrine disruptors, BPA, Phthalates
exposure: acute or chronic
polar concentration-air currents
see 14.13
toxic concentration: DDT
see 14.14
Bioaccumulation-A single creature
Biomagnification-MANY trophic levels, MANY creatures
Dose response analysis
See 14.17
Threshold dose (non linear)
Pesticide poisoning: Yaqui indians
Synergistic effects
Endocrine disruptors
risk probability
perception vs. reality
risk assessment
innocent until proven guilty vs. precautionary principle
TOSCA 1976
REACH 2007
POPs persistent organic pollutants
Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Dioxin, Endrin
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