
Mango Challenges:
Three clues will enable you to track and identify energy:
If you have other data like weather, power factor you can go even deeper
Try these:
ISR EMC challenge
Extra challenge:
Mango Challenges:
On server 10.14.4.123:8080 (204.130.155.61:8080) login as isr
Look for the data source “EG lab master”
You can also find this labeled “eGauge elab 2” on the server at
67.53.209.186:8080 or
10.14.4.163:8080 if you are on campus
Create one of each of these dashboards:
Timeline:
M2M and IoT-the future
Sample metrics:
Teams:
ISR D
Project ideas:
Powerful questions: introduce partner 3-4 minutes after breakout in pairs
Module 1: Terminal first steps
Using terminal on the raspberry pi:
Start with ping:
ping sends a data packet to a machine on the internet, and tells you how long it takes to return, like sonar
try pinging 10.14.0.1 Time listed will be in milliseconds, so 1000 ms means one second
ping www.apple.com
Notice different ping times
Stopping stuff:
ctrl-c means cancel
ctrl-z means halt (stop everything, not gracefully)
Tracing around the internet:
traceroute www.apple.com (note hops and delays)
Evil stuff: ping flood attack:
ping flood, only use here as a test
sudo ping -f (notice that you have to use sudo, which means "superuser do" or treat me like computer god for this)
What's going on in your terminal:
who also whoami
last last command, also the up arrow
top lists all processes, useful with kill (see later)
history: shows recent commands like this, useful for retracing your steps or seeing who might have been in your machine:
1 ping 10.14.0.1
2 ping www.hpa.edu
3 traceroute
4 traceroute www.hpa.edu
5 ifconfig
6 ping 10.14.252.22
7 sudo ping -f 10.14.252.22
8 last
9 who
10 ping 10.14.252.47
11 history
12 ssh pi@10.14.252.47
13 netstat
14 man netstat
15 man ping
16 history
navigation commands:
cd change directory, usually followed by a directory name, like "cd var/www/html/"
ls list directory, see also ls -l which lists all files in long form. Try also ls -lh *human long form"
ls -la lists even invisible files (the -a flag means "all") You can also hide files by adding . to the beginning
pwd print working directory, shows where you are in the file system (directory)
Try navigating to the desktop this way:
pwd (print working directory, "where am I")
ls (shows what is at this level)
cd or cd .. (cd to a directory, cd .. means one level up)
Here is where your desktop is: /home/pi/Desktop
Shortcut:
cd /home/pi/Desktop
try ls and see what is there, should be nothing.
Creating a directory:
mkdir creates a directory
mkdir test
This should create a folder on your desktop called "test"
click on this to see a directory browser, go nuts
Permissions
ls -la will show you permissions in the format drwx, for directory, read, write and execute
read is 1, write is 2, execute is 4, so all added up 1+2+4 =7
chmod change "mod" or permissions of file, 777 is everything, see drwx format below and the 421 rule
You may also find this under chmod u+x on a file, which means make the file or program executable
Manual pages:
man pages are manual pages, so "man ping" would give you manual pages on the ping command
less means look into a file (contrast with "more")
* means wild card, so if you want to see all files ending in jpg, you would say *.jpg
Secure shell login:
ssh means secure shell login, like ssh pi@10.14.252.2
Mac specific commands:
fsck -yf after command-s startup (single user mode)
say command after ssh login
Module 2: wild cards, man pages, deleting files
This is how wild cards work:
Instead of typing out herobrine, you could type
h*
just make sure that nothing else matches the h part.
Another example:
These files are in a folder called test:
malcolm mary tom
if you type
rm m*
it will delete mary and malcolm
if you type
rm mal*
it will delete only malcom
if you type
rm *
it will remove everything.
You can also use this to delete certain types of files (jpg, txt, mp4)
rm *.jpg
will remove every jpg file in the folder
Now you try it:
Ok, at this point, you can navigate around, login to remote computers, create and delete text files.
What's next?
Internet...
Module 3: Internet
Your computer needs 4 things to be able to get onto the internet:
IP address, example 10.14.8.4
Subnet mask, example 255.255.0.0
Gateway/router, example 10.14.0.1
Domain name server (DNS), example 10.9.250.13
Here's what each one does:
IP address:
All traffic on the internet or local area network (LAN) is in the form of packets of information, like mail envelopes with a letter inside. Each letter you mail has two important things: the address you want it to go to, and the message inside the envelope.
TCP/IP is the format of these, which stands for Transmission control protocol and internet protocol.
The TCP part is the message, and the IP part is the envelope, with an IP address on it.
Check the IP address of your machine:
From the GUI: open system preferences, network
From the terminal: type ifconfig
Subnet mask:
Imagine you want to stay in one of two large 254 room hotels. One has long hallways, and very few floors, the other has many floors, but short hallways.
If you want to sleep, you don't want many people walking down the hall in front of your room. You want many floors with fewer rooms per floors.
This is what subnet masking does on a network. Each of the four segments can hold 254 addresses.
At home, you probably have a network that looks like this:
IP: 192.168.1.49
mask: 255.255.255.0
router: 192.168.1.1
dns: 192.168.1.1
This means that the last zero can hold up to 254 addresses (from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254)
HPA has this sort of mask:
255.255.0.0
which means that
10.14.0.0
is the elab, which can have 254 x 254 addresses
It makes for a quieter network, also providing some security as others cannot see you easily.
Router/gateway:
This is the gateway for all of your traffic, usually the access point at your home. The technical difference between these words is that a router routes traffic between two networks of the same type (like ethernet), while a gateway is between different types of networks (like a cable modem or DSL gateway)
Domain name server:
This is the computer on your network or outside that translates names into numbers, like a digital phone book.
Try this in terminal:
nslookup physics.hpa.edu
Ping and traceroute:
Imagine you want to find out if a machine is responding (you can block this by using "stealth mode")
In terminal ping one of the IP addresses in your class
ping an address out on the internet
what is the difference?
now try this:
traceroute www.apple.com
It should give you a trace of the path your connection took.
Try this with other addresses on and off campus.
NSLOOKUP:
Say you want to find out the name of something, or the IP address from the name.
try this:
nslookup
(you will get a funny > sign)
type:
server 10.9.250.13
type:
physics.hpa.edu
what do you get?
where is this machine?
Try again using 8.8.8.8 as the server
The best use of this is to find out what OTHER people might call a machine.
We have several DNS servers on campus, the main one is at 10.9.250.13
Others to try:
4.4.4.4
8.8.8.8
10.14.1.2
you can get out by typing
exit
or control-z (halt)
Module 4: web server and web pages (html)
Creating a web page, installing a web server:
On the raspberry pi, run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update (this updates your computer)
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y (this installs apache web server on your computer, answering yes to all prompts)
Go your browser and enter 127.0.0.1 (which means "me" on the internet)
Now type ifconfig in your terminal and look for your internet address, which should start with 10.14.x.y
Look at this address using your browser
Editing web pages:
On the terminal, navigate to the following directory:
cd /var/www/html/
run the ls command, you should see a file called index.html
You can edit this, either by using the nano command (cooler) or a text editor (simpler)
sudo nano /var/www/html/index.html
This is a complex bit of html, so just look for something you recognize from the 127.0.0.1 test and change it
nano is a text editor, so ctrl-o means overwrite, and ctrl-x means exit
If you are using a text editor, it might not let you save.
Back to permissions----
type chmod 777 /var/www/html
which makes everything in the html directory read and writable to everyone (including you)
Making a new web page:
Using either nano or a text editor, create a new page:
sudo nano /var/www/html/test.html
You'll notice this is blank.
Add the following to your new web page:
<html>
<head>
test
</head>
<body>
Wow, this is really easy
</body>
</html>
remember to overwrite (ctrl-o) and exit (ctrl-x)
Now go to your browser and enter http://127.0.0.1/test.html
What do you see?
http://www.toptechboy.com/raspberry-pi-with-linux-lessons/
lesson 3:
pwd print working directory
ls list
cd change directory
cd .. up one directory
Paths: what, where
other examples:
ls -la shows hidden files
ls / root folder
ls ~/ home folder
ls .. list folders up one level
/home/pi your home directory (as user called pi)
lesson 4:
sudo shutdown
sudo halt
power down
clear clear the terminal window
mkdir create a folder
example: mkdir yada
n.b. make sure not to use spaces, use underline instead
rmdir remove directory
example: rmdir yada
verify this with the file browser (top left menu)
create a folder, navigate there, then use nano
nano file editor
sudo nano filename.txt
creates a file, you type
when you are done, control-o means overwrite (save)
control-x means exit
to read the file:
cat filename.txt
(he says it means catalog. this is wrong, it stands for concatenate, a much more complex word)
also look into less and more commands
if you are ever stuck, you can enter:
man less (manual pages for the command less, or any command)
ISR plan 2020
We will be meeting on even days. Your weblogs will be due each class day at 6 PM HST. What will you write about? Progress, research, what you want to do next…
I have created raspberry pi units for each of you if you want to have these mailed to you. I can also set up an individual unit at the elab which you can reach by VPN.
I’ll be holding weekly office hours with each of you by zoom. I’ll send out info on how this works, but the time will usually be either 9 AM or 4 PM HST.
I’ll also expect an email check in during each class, due at 6 PM HST each day.
I’d like each of you to dream up an individual challenge plan. This could involve online videos, coding, some sort of online collaboration with your classmates or others on the planet.
First week: Each of you will create a 2 minute video about your project due by Monday, April 6, posted on youtube or on our server.
Second week: Create a wiki about your project on the physics.kamuela.org server, including photos, diagrams and other material from your previous weblogs.
Class days:
Thursday 4.2
Monday 4.6
Wednesday 4.8
Friday 4.10
Tuesday 4.14
Thursday 4.16
Check in list: First week, by invitation Zoom call
Project ideas:
Resource links:
Top tech boy: totorials on arduino, python, 3D CAD, raspberry pi
Physics server for wiki and weblogs:
Physics server video and document uploads: login isr, use wifi password
http://physics.kamuela.org:8000
Zoom instructions:
VPN instructions:
Who is where:
Jimmy-China
Alex-China
Will Yang-HI/China
Max W-DE
Max M-DE
Yuya-Japan
Paula-MX
Lucia-ESP
Denys-UKR
Stefano-CA
Koa-Saudi
Leonce-CA
Will S-Kauai
Hyuga-Japan
Alec-FL
Shauri-WA