Blog

Mango Challenges:

• On server 10.14.4.123:8080 (204.130.155.61:8080)
• Look for the data source “EG lab master”
• You can also find this labeled “eGauge elab 2” on the server at
• 67.53.209.186:8080 or
• 10.14.4.163:8080 if you are on campus

Three clues will enable you to track and identify energy:

• Time of day: When does it happen? Day or night? Weekends? Users?
• Magnitude: how big is the impact in kW? What devices use how much power? All or part?
• Profile: What is the shape of the use? Does it change at night? How does it start/stop?

If you have other data like weather, power factor you can go even deeper

Try these:

• how much solar power is generated at each building?
• how much is used at each location?
• when?
• what does this tell you?
• what dorm uses the most energy?
• when do the dorm lights “go off”?
• when is the use the least?
• how could you tell a refrigerator from any other load?
• what does a hot water heater look like?
• what does a stove look like?
• how could you detect an air conditioner that was left on all night?
• which of the faculty cottage complexes is using the most energy?
• when does cottage 3 hot water heater timer go on?
• when did they run out of hot water?
• when did cottage 3 do some cooking?
• compare these with cottage 7
• what was the weather Wednesday 1.13, using the solar data?
• when did it rain that day?
• how do you know there is no water leak in carter dorm?
• how much does it cost for the biggest energy users on campus? (use $0.40 per kWh)
• how much money would we make if we sold all of our solar power in one day?
• why do we still pay an electric bill?
• the PPA array behind the elab is not owned by us, but we pay for the solar energy is harvests. How much money is the owner making if we pay $0.30 per kWh, whether we use it or give it away to HELCO?
• why do we give it away to HELCO with no money back?

ISR EMC challenge

• What was the lowest temp today, and when?
• If the PPA solar panels behind the elab are rated at 110 kW, what is their max power now?
• What about in the longest day of the year?
• How do you know there were no leaks in the carter water system back in 2020?
• What was the hottest day last week? How hot?
• What is the maximum difference in solar up/down temps for the cafeteria?
• If you knew how much water was being pumped there, what else could you calculate?
• What is the usual energy use for the campus at night?
• What is the max use over the last week?
• What time exactly does the carter hot water heater come on?
• When does it go off?
• Look at carter solar pump flow, and explain why it is active when it is
• Of these rooms: main hall, conference room, office, classrooms or monlab, which has either no people in it, or the windows open?
• When and at what time was I working in the project rooms last week?
• When and at what time did I work in my office this week?
• What was the highest outside temp this week, and when?
• Look up the max solar radiation for the same times, how do they relate?
• What day last week was clear, with no clouds all day?
• How do you know there is a water leak at Perry Fiske west bathroom?
• How big is it?
• Is it hot water or cold water?
• What could be the cause?
• What is the max power harvested by the PPA solar panels above the elab and when?
• If these panels are rated at 110 kW, how efficient are they now?
• If you knew the area of the panels, and the solar radiation at any time, how would you calculate their true efficiency?
• Since last weekend, when did the tennis center use their lights during the day?
• How many hours is this?
• Multiply hours by kW to get kWh
• If each kWh costs the school $0.45 (45 cents), how much money did they waste using the lights during the day this week?
• What day in June 2017 had the highest solar PV capture? How much?
• What day in December 2017 had the lowest? How low?
• What was the average for each of these?

• EMC 9 EMC v.4
• 204.130.155.58
• works for all cbw sensors
• EMC 5 EMC v.4
• 204.130.155.55
• works for all cbw sensors
• EMC 155 EMC v.6
• 204.130.155.62
• works for all cbw sensors
• mango 163 mango v.3
• 67.53.209.186:8080
• best for egauges
• mango 123 mango v.4
• 204.130.155.61:8080
• admin/admin

Timeline:

• Intro/checkin
• S2 project proposals
• teams-diads (see below)
• weblogs-screenshots, links
• Overall plan: EMC and Mango telemetry systems
• Why same, why different, why useful to whom
• privacy issues: faculty cottages

M2M and IoT-the future

• EMC intro
• why-time, data evolution, changes made, financial decisions, “actionable intelligence”
• what measured-anything by xml, many others, both telemetry (“far-measuring”) and control
• xml vs. html-markup languages, both useful to interact with machines
• data storage-mySQL: global, expansive, hard to manage, alternatives (noSQL, h2, MangoDB)
• sample dashboard on 58 (elab 9)-Cade
• monitor-all-look at various sensors
• monitor, choose pair of sensors, graph
• change date range
• mango sensors-autopopulates

Sample metrics:

• Energy
• kW (power)-generation, use
• kWh (energy)-generation, use, storage
• voltage-AC/DC
• current-amperes AC/DC
• water
• temp-tank, solar panel up/down
• flow rate-pump, collection, irrigation
• total amount-tank, leaks, users
• tank level (using ultrasonics)
• air
• temp
• rh
• % CO2
• air flow
• weather
• temp
• wind speed/direction
• RH
• solar radiation
• UV index
• VOG levels
• barometric pressure
• HVAC
• controls: temp, timers, occupancy sensors
• sensors: integration with motion sensors, cameras
• controls
• xml commands-state.xml
• Next steps:
• IFTTT cloud based
• mango server (cloud or local)
• real time drone integration?

Teams:

ISR D

• Cade-Eddie
• Nic-Anuhea
• Jared-Kyle
• Alec
• Will-Andy
• ISR F
• Pierce
• Stefano
• Nate
• Ryan

Team,

I've created weblogs for each of our new ISR folks, here is how to login and create your first page:

Start by going to http://physics.hpa.edu

You should see something like this:

Click on "student weblogs" near the top.

You should see something like this:

On the upper right, you should see something that says "go to my blog". Click on this.

You will see a login screen.

Your user name is last name_first initial, so Ella Finoe would be finoe_e

Bud Tuggly, would be tuggly_b

and so on...

Your password is the super secret wifi password at the elab. If you don't know it, I'll share it in class.

You will then see a screen asking you to create your first weblog.

Enter some basic stuff, like what projects you are considering this year.

We'll go over this in class, so relax if it does not work for you the first time.

Let me know how I can help.

aloha

b

Team,

We'll be going over your ideas for projects in the next few meetings, but in the meantime, have a look at this list and let me know if anything jumps out at you:

Project ideas:

• Brain waves
• Fabrication: 3D printing, CNC, laser cutting, design
• Earthquakes/seismology
• Radio/space weather
• Virtual reality/augmented reality
• Drones: mapping, visualization, sensors
• Networking: wireless, security, servers
• Arduino
• Raspberry pi
• Energy monitoring/telemetry
• Environmental monitoring-classrooms
• Computer repair
• Aeronautics
• Machine learning/artificial intelligence
• Animation/blender
• NASA projects
• Home automation
• EEG/EMG biofeedback
• Astronomy/astrophysics
• Acoustics

Team

If you are learning terminal on your mac, this ebook is excellent:

Module 1: Terminal first steps

Using terminal on the raspberry pi:

Start with ping:

ping sends a data packet to a machine on the internet, and tells you how long it takes to return, like sonar

try pinging 10.14.0.1 Time listed will be in milliseconds, so 1000 ms means one second

ping www.apple.com

Notice different ping times

Stopping stuff:

ctrl-c means cancel

ctrl-z means halt (stop everything, not gracefully)

Tracing around the internet:

traceroute www.apple.com (note hops and delays)

Evil stuff: ping flood attack:

ping flood, only use here as a test

sudo ping -f (notice that you have to use sudo, which means "superuser do" or treat me like computer god for this)

What's going on in your terminal:

who also whoami

last last command, also the up arrow

top lists all processes, useful with kill (see later)

history: shows recent commands like this, useful for retracing your steps or seeing who might have been in your machine:

1 ping 10.14.0.1

2 ping www.hpa.edu

3 traceroute

4 traceroute www.hpa.edu

5 ifconfig

6 ping 10.14.252.22

7 sudo ping -f 10.14.252.22

8 last

9 who

10 ping 10.14.252.47

11 history

12 ssh pi@10.14.252.47

13 netstat

14 man netstat

15 man ping

16 history

navigation commands:

cd change directory, usually followed by a directory name, like "cd var/www/html/"

ls list directory, see also ls -l which lists all files in long form. Try also ls -lh *human long form"

ls -la lists even invisible files (the -a flag means "all") You can also hide files by adding . to the beginning

pwd print working directory, shows where you are in the file system (directory)

Try navigating to the desktop this way:

pwd (print working directory, "where am I")

ls (shows what is at this level)

cd or cd .. (cd to a directory, cd .. means one level up)

Here is where your desktop is: /home/pi/Desktop

Shortcut:

cd /home/pi/Desktop

try ls and see what is there, should be nothing.

Creating a directory:

mkdir creates a directory

mkdir test

This should create a folder on your desktop called "test"

click on this to see a directory browser, go nuts

Permissions

ls -la will show you permissions in the format drwx, for directory, read, write and execute

read is 1, write is 2, execute is 4, so all added up 1+2+4 =7

chmod change "mod" or permissions of file, 777 is everything, see drwx format below and the 421 rule

You may also find this under chmod u+x on a file, which means make the file or program executable

Manual pages:

man pages are manual pages, so "man ping" would give you manual pages on the ping command

less means look into a file (contrast with "more")

* means wild card, so if you want to see all files ending in jpg, you would say *.jpg

Secure shell login:

ssh means secure shell login, like ssh pi@10.14.252.2

Mac specific commands:

fsck -yf after command-s startup (single user mode)

say command after ssh login

Module 2: wild cards, man pages, deleting files

This is how wild cards work:

Instead of typing out herobrine, you could type

h*

just make sure that nothing else matches the h part.

Another example:

These files are in a folder called test:

malcolm mary tom

if you type

rm m*

it will delete mary and malcolm

if you type

rm mal*

it will delete only malcom

if you type

rm *

it will remove everything.

You can also use this to delete certain types of files (jpg, txt, mp4)

rm *.jpg

will remove every jpg file in the folder

Now you try it:

1. open terminal
2. navigate to your desktop (remember, it is called Desktop)
3. create a folder using mkdir called test
4. navigate into that folder
5. create three text files using sudo nano, the first will be called malcolm, then mary, then tom
6. read each one using less or more
7. take a screenshot of this folder from the gui (graphical user interface), command-3 takes a screen shot, command-4 is a screenshot of only what you select.
8. copy this screenshot into your weblog, so you can remember how you did this
9. remove one file at a time using the rm command, take more screenshots

Ok, at this point, you can navigate around, login to remote computers, create and delete text files.

What's next?

Internet...

Module 3: Internet

Your computer needs 4 things to be able to get onto the internet:

IP address, example 10.14.8.4

Subnet mask, example 255.255.0.0

Gateway/router, example 10.14.0.1

Domain name server (DNS), example 10.9.250.13

Here's what each one does:

IP address:

All traffic on the internet or local area network (LAN) is in the form of packets of information, like mail envelopes with a letter inside. Each letter you mail has two important things: the address you want it to go to, and the message inside the envelope.

TCP/IP is the format of these, which stands for Transmission control protocol and internet protocol.

The TCP part is the message, and the IP part is the envelope, with an IP address on it.

Check the IP address of your machine:

From the GUI: open system preferences, network

From the terminal: type ifconfig

Subnet mask:

Imagine you want to stay in one of two large 254 room hotels. One has long hallways, and very few floors, the other has many floors, but short hallways.

If you want to sleep, you don't want many people walking down the hall in front of your room. You want many floors with fewer rooms per floors.

This is what subnet masking does on a network. Each of the four segments can hold 254 addresses.

At home, you probably have a network that looks like this:

IP: 192.168.1.49

mask: 255.255.255.0

router: 192.168.1.1

dns: 192.168.1.1

This means that the last zero can hold up to 254 addresses (from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254)

HPA has this sort of mask:

255.255.0.0

which means that

10.14.0.0

is the elab, which can have 254 x 254 addresses

It makes for a quieter network, also providing some security as others cannot see you easily.

Router/gateway:

This is the gateway for all of your traffic, usually the access point at your home. The technical difference between these words is that a router routes traffic between two networks of the same type (like ethernet), while a gateway is between different types of networks (like a cable modem or DSL gateway)

Domain name server:

This is the computer on your network or outside that translates names into numbers, like a digital phone book.

Try this in terminal:

nslookup physics.hpa.edu

1. when you get the address, write it down
2. open a browser
3. go to physics.hpa.edu
4. now go to the numbers you wrote down.
5. Try this with another name, either on campus or off

Ping and traceroute:

Imagine you want to find out if a machine is responding (you can block this by using "stealth mode")

In terminal ping one of the IP addresses in your class

ping an address out on the internet

what is the difference?

now try this:

traceroute www.apple.com

It should give you a trace of the path your connection took.

Try this with other addresses on and off campus.

NSLOOKUP:

Say you want to find out the name of something, or the IP address from the name.

try this:

nslookup

(you will get a funny > sign)

type:

server 10.9.250.13

type:

physics.hpa.edu

what do you get?

where is this machine?

Try again using 8.8.8.8 as the server

The best use of this is to find out what OTHER people might call a machine.

We have several DNS servers on campus, the main one is at 10.9.250.13

Others to try:

4.4.4.4

8.8.8.8

10.14.1.2

you can get out by typing

exit

or control-z (halt)

Module 4: web server and web pages (html)

Creating a web page, installing a web server:

On the raspberry pi, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update (this updates your computer)

sudo apt-get install apache2 -y (this installs apache web server on your computer, answering yes to all prompts)

Go your browser and enter 127.0.0.1 (which means "me" on the internet)

Now type ifconfig in your terminal and look for your internet address, which should start with 10.14.x.y

Look at this address using your browser

Editing web pages:

On the terminal, navigate to the following directory:

cd /var/www/html/

run the ls command, you should see a file called index.html

You can edit this, either by using the nano command (cooler) or a text editor (simpler)

sudo nano /var/www/html/index.html

This is a complex bit of html, so just look for something you recognize from the 127.0.0.1 test and change it

nano is a text editor, so ctrl-o means overwrite, and ctrl-x means exit

If you are using a text editor, it might not let you save.

Back to permissions----

type chmod 777 /var/www/html

which makes everything in the html directory read and writable to everyone (including you)

Making a new web page:

Using either nano or a text editor, create a new page:

sudo nano /var/www/html/test.html

You'll notice this is blank.

Add the following to your new web page:

<html>

<head>

test

</head>

<body>

Wow, this is really easy

</body>

</html>

remember to overwrite (ctrl-o) and exit (ctrl-x)

Now go to your browser and enter http://127.0.0.1/test.html

What do you see?

toptechboy.com

http://www.toptechboy.com/raspberry-pi-with-linux-lessons/

lesson 3:

pwd print working directory

ls list

cd change directory

cd .. up one directory

Paths: what, where

other examples:

ls -la shows hidden files

ls / root folder

ls ~/ home folder

ls .. list folders up one level

/home/pi your home directory (as user called pi)

lesson 4:

sudo shutdown

sudo halt

power down

clear clear the terminal window

mkdir create a folder

example: mkdir yada

n.b. make sure not to use spaces, use underline instead

rmdir remove directory

example: rmdir yada

verify this with the file browser (top left menu)

create a folder, navigate there, then use nano

nano file editor

sudo nano filename.txt

creates a file, you type

when you are done, control-o means overwrite (save)

control-x means exit

to read the file:

cat filename.txt

(he says it means catalog. this is wrong, it stands for concatenate, a much more complex word)

also look into less and more commands

if you are ever stuck, you can enter:

man less (manual pages for the command less, or any command)

Here are some notes about our first few weeks working together:

ISR plan 2020

We will be meeting on even days. Your weblogs will be due each class day at 6 PM HST. What will you write about? Progress, research, what you want to do next…

I have created raspberry pi units for each of you if you want to have these mailed to you. I can also set up an individual unit at the elab which you can reach by VPN.

I’ll be holding weekly office hours with each of you by zoom. I’ll send out info on how this works, but the time will usually be either 9 AM or 4 PM HST.

I’ll also expect an email check in during each class, due at 6 PM HST each day.

I’d like each of you to dream up an individual challenge plan. This could involve online videos, coding, some sort of online collaboration with your classmates or others on the planet.

First week: Each of you will create a 2 minute video about your project due by Monday, April 6, posted on youtube or on our server.

Second week: Create a wiki about your project on the physics.kamuela.org server, including photos, diagrams and other material from your previous weblogs.

Class days:

Thursday 4.2

Monday 4.6

Wednesday 4.8

Friday 4.10

Tuesday 4.14

Thursday 4.16

Check in list: First week, by invitation Zoom call

1. how are you doing
2. what would you like to create or research
3. what will you need for this: online or mailed to you
4. vpn and other access to the network

Project ideas:

• Raspberry pi: local or remote, learning unix, scratch, node-red or other sensor projects
• Find a project at home and document it: broken espresso machine? curious about how your car works? Explore and document it with photos and/or video.
• Love to learn about flight? Order a glider wherever you are and explain all the forces that make it fly, what is a stall, center of lift and cg
• Want to fly the big planes? If you have access to a flight sim program, explain in a video step by step instructions and teach someone else how to fly in real time. If you are a pilot in training, explain how this process works
• Mad about drones? Create a how-to on flying them, and if you are advanced, how to get a drone license.
• Radio happy? I have access to online FCC licensing now, so you can take the test remotely. You could then talk anytime around the world using radios.
• Satellites make you happy? Setup a tracking system for spy satellites at your location and take photos at dawn or dusk. Explain why these go so fast, orbital path, and why you only see them then.
• Know all about welding? Create a wiki on how to weld with with the three systems: wire, stick and gas. Why is this different from soldering?
• Silly about sensors? I can mail you a set of sensors and a raspberry pi or arduino to learn with.
• CNC crazy? Create a wiki about how to use a CNC machine, and why we would want to learn this.

Resource links:

Top tech boy: totorials on arduino, python, 3D CAD, raspberry pi

http://www.toptechboy.com

Physics server for wiki and weblogs:

http://physics.kamuela.org

Physics server video and document uploads: login isr, use wifi password

http://physics.kamuela.org:8000

Zoom instructions:

1. go to zoom.us
2. signup (it’s free) using your hpa email address
3. download the app to your computer or phone
4. when you get an email invitation from me, click on the link and it should open zoom
5. you can choose audio only or both audio and video
6. we can also have a group chat, more on this soon

VPN instructions:

1. I will email you an attachment that holds the configuration files if you are using a mac.
2. Click on the attachment, it should install a VPN for you to use.
3. If you want to use your raspberry pi or other machine, the vpn server is at 67.53.209.190, using L2TP protocols
4. Login info will be given to you by email, account name is “vpn”

Who is where:

Jimmy-China

Alex-China

Will Yang-HI/China

Max W-DE

Max M-DE

Yuya-Japan

Paula-MX

Lucia-ESP

Denys-UKR

Stefano-CA

Koa-Saudi

Leonce-CA

Will S-Kauai

Hyuga-Japan

Alec-FL

Shauri-WA