1. Describe how fishing has changed at Apo Island, and the direct and indirect effects on people's lives.
Thirty years ago, the use of destructive fishing techniques such as dynamite fishing, trawling, and muroami had severely impacted the state of reefs and fish habitats, depleting fish stocks in the area. In response to this, scientists came to Apo Island to collaborate with the locals to develop reserves that allowed fish populations to replenish as well as to restrict any future fishing activities to low-impact methods such as lines, traps, and hand-nettings. The direct effect of this was that the available amount of fish went up, allowing locals to obtain fish with much greater ease. As they didn't have to spend as much time obtaining food, the locals had more time to devote themselves to building up the island's economy through other avenues such as tourism or through the development of infrastructure (such as schools).
good
2. What are some basic assumptions of science?
Science assumes that the world is knowable and that it can be learned through observation and logical reasoning. Science relies on testable evidence to provide explanations for these phenomena's.
phenomena=plural
3. Distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory.
A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a phenomenon, whereas a theory is an explanation that is generally accepted by scientists and has facts and evidence to back it up.
like evolution?
4. Describe the steps in the scientific method.
The steps are observe, hypothesize, test, collect data, and interpret. Observation produces a question which an attempt to answer is made through the development of a hypothesis. Testing produces data, which are then interpreted to either confirm or disprove the hypothesis.
ever heard of the dialectic? Look up Hegel.
5. What is probability?
Probability is the measure of how likely something is to occur, typically represented as a value between 0 and 1, where 0 represents no chance of something happening (an impossible event), and 1 representing the absolute certainty of something happening.
over one trial? Is it random?
6. In a graph, which axis represents the independent variable? The dependent variable?
The x axis (horizontal axis) represents the independent variable, while the dependent variable is represented by the y axis (vertical axis).
give an example, like y = x^2
7. What's the first step in critical thinking according to table 1.4?
Determining the purpose of the thinking.
ok
8. Distinguish between utilitarian conservation and biocentric preservation. Name two environmental leaders associated with each of these philosophies.
Utilitarian conservation does not concern itself with preservation but rather the strategic use of natural resources for human advancement. In contrast, movements supporting biocentric preservation argue that nature should be left alone for the important roles that it plays in ecosystem and for its own sake. Prominent conservationists include Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot, while some prominent preservationists include John Muir and Aldo Leopold.
ok. One was all about resources (aligned with business models) another was all about beauty (aligned with the humanist model)
9. Why do some experts regard water as the most critical natural resource for the twenty-first century?
1.1 billion people already lack access to safe water, and more don't have access to sanitary water supplies. The United Nations projects that by 2025, three-fourths of the world could be living under similar conditions. Water resources are finite, while population growth in the last decade alone has been exponential.
Ok, but not just water, but clean water for drinking, and non-toxic water for crops, right?
10. Where in figure 1.7 do the largest areas of persistence of greening occur? What is persistence of greening?
The largest areas of persistence of greening occur in parts of the Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania. Persistence of greening is the phenomenon where flora remains green longer year round in polar regions, evidence that there is global climate change.
ok-time to buy land in Canada?
11. Describe some signs of hope in overcoming global environmental problems.
Marine reserves are being established, legislation is being written to cut down on pollution in urban areas, and deforestation around the world, while still prevalent, has been slowing down. These movements show that we still have hope in reversing the trend of environmental destruction of recent years.
agreed. You guys in the elab is another good sign...
12. What is the link between poverty and environmental quality?
People in poverty find themselves in circumstances where their foremost priority is often basic survival. As a result, they may take actions which are not favorable for the environment, such as overharvesting or overfishing.
or selling their land or resources to wealthy countries: Africa to the Chinese, Borneo to everyone
13. Define sustainability and sustainable development.
Sustainability is the use of resources in a way that allows their use to last over a long period of time. Sustainable development refers to the idea that development of the poorest parts of the world can be done without causing irreparable environmental harm.
thinking about forever?
hoang phong
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