AP Environmental Science

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    Biodiversity notes

    Download file "Frog book: biodiversity.pdf"

    Frog book: biodiversity
    genetic diversity: among one species (see bottleneck)
    species diversity: within an ecosystem
    ecosystem diversity: different habitats, communities, ecosystems
    Taxonomic groups-reflect evolutionary relationships
    like species are grouped by genus (genera)
    Kings play chess on fat girls stomachs
    kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
    Domain is larger than kingdom:
    bacteria, archaea, eukarya (you are a eukaryote)

    genus+species = name
    panthera + tigris = tiger
    panthera = genus, tigris = species
    Family is called Felidae (cats)

    Subspecies-could interbreed, smaller differentiation
    biodiversity-one measure is species diversity:

    How many species?
    Hard to tell: 5-100 million
    1. unexplored regions
    2. some are very small
    3. hard to identify from others
    general increase in BD near the equator (warmer, more water, no freezing)
    latitudinal gradient—
    BD increases stability and robustness of ecosystems
    stable = resistant + resilient
    resistant=maintain function
    resilient=bounces back after disruption
    keystone species=removal changes the ecosystem
    apex predators are one keystone species (impact others below)
    contrast with ag monoculture

    EXTINCTION
    “Biodiversity losses caused by humans are common throughout history. Archaeological evidence shows that waves of extinctions tend to follow whenever people colonize islands and continents. After the Polynesians reached Hawaii, for example, half its birds went extinct. Birds, mammals, and reptiles vanished following the colonization of New Zealand and Madagascar. Dozens of species of large vertebrates died off in Australia after the Aborigines arrived roughly 50,000 years ago. North America lost 33 genera of large mammals after people arrived on the continent 10,000 years ago. Why does human settlement seem to mean extinction for other organisms? And, more important, is there anything we can do about it?”

    extirpation=global extinction of a species
    background rate of extinction
    mass extinctions: KT event
    cosmic ray theory of varying evolutionary rates
    6th mass extinction: 1000x background rate
    threatened -> endangered
    living planet index: population trends
    BD loss:
    1. habitat loss, change
    2. invasive species
    3. pollution
    4. overharvesting (e.g. fishing)
    5. climate change
    Habitat fragmentation (see allopatric speciation)
    invasive species: predation, parasitism, competition
    Trouble with tribbles
    Zebra mussel-know this

    ESA-endangered species act 1973
    CITES-convention on international trade in endangered species 1975
    Convention on biological diversity (CBD) 2009 (exc. US, like Kyoto)
    SSP=species survival plan (e.g. captive breeding)
    cloning-genetic copy
    endemic-only found in one place
    biodiversity hotspots (e.g. big island of Hawaii)
    debt for nature swap
    economic predation
    wildlife corridors (wolves in Canada)
    Condor: 22 at genetic bottleneck
    3.5 m wingspan,
    Chatham Robins: 2 left




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You should be able to do the following after logging in with your account: To create a new page, click the ...Falseadmin2020-08-19T15:43:59+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:03+00:002013-02-05 02:24:03updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:02+00:002013-02-05 02:24:02addTag3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:05:35+00:002013-02-05 02:05:35updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:03:35+00:002013-02-05 02:03:35created1wiki2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8FalseEnergy notes/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8/Energy_notes.htmladmin4 updatesEnergy notes Week of 2.4.13: energy wrap-up e2 video: coal vs. nuclear in class AP exams: FRQ 2002.1 2004.2 2006.1 2007.2 2008.1 ...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:20+00:002013-02-05 02:23:20updated6Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:18+00:002013-02-05 02:23:18addTag5adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:12+00:002013-02-05 02:23:12updated4adminadmin2013-02-05 02:21:48+00:002013-02-05 02:21:48updated3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:20:26+00:002013-02-05 02:20:26updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:06:00+00:002013-02-05 02:06:00created1wiki2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360bFalseFeb-May plan/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360b/FebMay_plan.htmladmin6 updatesFeb-May plan 1. conclusion of energy chapters (see previous wiki) 2. GCC AP questions FRQ: 2006.2 2005.3 2005.4 2007.3 ...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00adminadmin2012-03-07 05:53:55+00:002012-03-07 05:53:55updated14adminadmin2012-03-07 05:43:38+00:002012-03-07 05:43:38updated13adminadmin2012-03-07 05:41:35+00:002012-03-07 05:41:35updated12adminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:57+00:002012-03-07 05:38:57updated11Added tag - hotadminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:55+00:002012-03-07 05:38:55addTag10adminadmin2012-03-07 05:36:47+00:002012-03-07 05:36:47updated9adminadmin2012-03-07 05:22:26+00:002012-03-07 05:22:26updated8adminadmin2012-03-07 05:20:01+00:002012-03-07 05:20:01updated7adminadmin2012-03-07 05:18:58+00:002012-03-07 05:18:58updated6adminadmin2012-03-07 04:58:55+00:002012-03-07 04:58:55updated5adminadmin2012-03-07 04:57:33+00:002012-03-07 04:57:33updated4adminadmin2012-03-07 04:56:53+00:002012-03-07 04:56:53updated3adminadmin2012-03-07 04:54:20+00:002012-03-07 04:54:20updated2First createdadminadmin2012-03-07 04:53:33+00:002012-03-07 04:53:33created1weblog2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030FalseGreen Apple/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030/Green_Apple.htmladmin14 updatesGreen Apple Team, Please watch this video about NYC: Trailer: http://www.pbs.org/e2/episodes/101_the_green_apple_trailer.html On the server: http://physics.hpa...Falseadmin2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:24+00:002011-09-13 19:08:24updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:22+00:002011-09-13 19:08:22addTag3adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:10+00:002011-09-13 19:08:10updated2First createdadminadmin2011-09-13 19:04:30+00:002011-09-13 19:04:30created1weblog2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecddFalseQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecdd/Questions_for_Wednesday_wiki_adds.htmladmin4 updatesQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds Team, I'd like to try something for class tomorrow: each of you to create a question from chapter 3, and email it to me by this evening (Tuesday). 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