Recall:
Energy->Water->Food->Culture
Where is the water?
How does it get there?
Aquifers:
Huge aquifer-note recharge time is in centuries, pesticides in NE
Water diversion (e.g. rivers)
Two critical issues for China:
Pearl river delta and salt intrusion (sea level rise)
Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers (no farming in western China):
Glaciers are the water towers for Asia...
Rivers impacted:
Ganges, Yangtze, Yellow, Mekong, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Indu, Salween,
Aral Sea (asia minor)
Water disputes:
Water Pollution categories:
Pollutant list:
Nitrate levels (note farming regions):
Why is there a hypoxic zone there?
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):
Better diagram:
Note that temperature changes DO (dissolved oxygen) content, so does physical agitation (aeration).
Water Quality Index:
http://www.water-research.net/index.php/water-treatment/water-monitoring/monitoring-the-quality-of-surfacewaters
http://www.water-research.net/watrqualindex/index.htm
Calculation worksheet:
See also point source and non-point source pollution (from Poisoned Waters video, remember the Deer?)
Important: cooler water holds dissolved oxygen better (fishermen know this, so do the fish).
Water Quality Lab:
Lab samples
- Post waterfall
- Post power plant
- Everglades close to ocean
- Post sewage plant
- Best fishing spot
- Mine tailings runoff
- Snow melt river
- Mississippi river
- Chesapeake river
- Flood after monsoon rains
- Golf course runoff
- Eutrophied lake
Metrics:
- DO
- BOD
- pH
- temperature
- turbidity
- conductivity
- nitrates
- phosphates
Simulated locations:
Samples:
Sample A
- DO:1.5
- BOD:low
- pH:7
- temperature:30°C
- turbidity:high
- conductivity:low
- nitrates:high
- phosphates:high
Sample B
- DO:6
- BOD:low
- pH:7
- temperature:10°C
- turbidity-low
- conductivity-low
- nitrates-low
- phosphates-low
Sample C
- DO: 4
- BOD:low
- pH:8
- temperature:25°C
- turbidity: high
- conductivity: high
- nitrates: high
- phosphates: high
Sample D-
- DO: 2
- BOD: high
- pH:5
- temperature: 28°C
- turbidity:high
- conductivity: low
- nitrates: low
- phosphates: high
Sample E
- DO: 2
- BOD:low
- pH:2
- temperature:20°C
- turbidity:high
- conductivity: high
- nitrates: low
- phosphates: low
Sample F
- DO: 1
- BOD: high
- pH: 4
- temperature: 30°C
- turbidity: high
- conductivity: high
- nitrates: high
- phosphates: high
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