AP Environmental Science

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    Terrestrial Waste

    Plan for the week: Ch. 16 (text), Ch. 19 (frog iPad book)
    Class one: Definitions, generation, reduce/reuse/recycle (modules 51-52)
    Class two: Landfills, hazardous waste, future solutions (modules 53-55)
    Free Response questions: 2016.3, 2015.2
    Module 51: Humans and waste
    Terrestrial Waste:
    Waste: Defined as anything from human activity that is not saved or re-used
    "Humans are the only organism that produce waste others cannot use"
    n.b. Previous chapters around air pollution and water pollution BOTH had as part of their solution burying waste:
    air pollution: fly ash, smokestack ash->sanitary landfill
    water pollution: sewage treatment plant sludge-> sanitary landfill
    Sample FR question:
    The wonderful city of Fremont, on the banks of the beautiful Fremont River hosts 10,000 people in 2021 (about the size of Waimea). Each person produces 5 lbs (2.5 kg) of solid waste per day. The sewage treatment plant produces 2 kg of waste per day per person, and the coal fired power plant produces 1.5 kg of coal ash per day per person.
    a. What is the total daily landfill impact of the current population of Fremont?
    b. If Fremont has a growth rate of 3.5%, how many years will it take for the population to double?
    c. When this doubling has occurred, what will be the daily landfill impact then?
    d. If the landfill is 100m x 200m in size, how deep will this have to be in meters for each day, assuming a waste density of 1 kg/m3
    e. What steps could the population take to reduce this?
    --------------------
    p. 573: paper or plastic?
    Styrofoam:
    • Lighter
    • Better insulator
    • Cheaper to transport
    • Can be reused
    • 3 grams of petroleum
    • No water
    • Toxic emissions in production
    Paper cups:
    • Need liners HOT!
    • 2 grams petroleum
    • 33 grams of water
    • 2x energy
    • More water
    • Uses bleach and dioxin


    Typical waste stream:
    MSW=municipal (city) solid waste
    Creepy comparison:
    • US: 2.2 kg/day (about 5 lbs)
    • Japan: 1 kg/day
    • Developing world: 0.5 kg/day
    • Indigenous people: 0 kg/day WHY?
    Module 52: Recycling
    MSW recycling (2014)
    How and why is this different here in Waimea?
    E-waste: a growing issue, why? What companies are doing something about it?
    Daisy, the Apple robot that recycles iPhones:
    https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/19/17258180/apple-daisy-iphone-recycling-robot

    Question: why would the white mac laptops in our classroom cost more to recycle than the aluminum ones? Which is cheaper? Which is cheaper after counting the value of the parts inside each?

    (see cradle to cradle design-William Mcdonough) and "source design"
    "all children of all species for all time"
    Re-use: upcycling
    Recycle: new use for old stuff, or re-creating
    Plastic to fleece: open loop recycling
    Aluminum cans: closed loop recycling

    Composting: similar to sewage treatment, aerobic breakdown of organic solids (not metals or glass)
    needs AIR, so labor intensive
    also a pest issue if not contained (e.g. rats)
    Reduce and reuse:

    Recovery rates:

    Bottle Bills:







    Module 53: Landfills
    2 types: open landfill and sanitary landfill
    Both produce methane (gas) and leachate (toxic)
    Open landfills may have extraction tubes for methane
    Closed landfills may also, but need a waterproof floor (not always perfect, often leaks into groundwater)
    "Tipping fees": high in Kona (so no commercial trucks at the Waimea dump)
    $6 per BAG of trash in Orcas Island, San Juan Islands
    Sample problem:
    Another option: incineration (burning at high temperatures, often with oxygen or forced ventilation)
    Still creates ash (needs to go into sanitary landfill, it is toxic with heavy metals)
    Fly ash is banned for use in construction in EU
    Waste to energy: H-Power plant on Oahu
    Module 54: Hazardous Waste
    Definition: solid, liquid, gas or sludge that is toxic to humans
    Household hazmat: batteries (acid), cleaning supplies (chlorine), smoke detectors (Americium 231, radioactive), motor oil, fuels
    Definitions:

    • Ignitable. Likely to catch fire (for example, gasoline or alcohol).

    • Corrosive. Apt to corrode metals in storage tanks or equipment (for example, strong acids or bases).

    • Reactive. Chemically unstable and readily able to react with other compounds, often explosively or by produc- ing noxious fumes (for example, ammonia reacting with chlorine bleach).

    • Toxic. Harmful to human health when inhaled, ingested, or touched (for example, pesticides or heavy metals).


    Click for full-size image


    Click for full-size image
    You might look for the red label ("1993") on trucks. Here are some common numbers:
    1075: Propane
    1203: Gasoline
    1202: Diesel fuel
    3334: Aviation fuel

    Look up BLEVE on youtube (Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM0jtD_OWLU

    Two key laws:
    CERCLA ("Superfund"): (1980) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
    -taxes chemical and oil industries to fund cleanup and recovery sites "superfund sites"
    RCRA: (1976, 1984) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-solid waste laws
    Look up Love Canal, Hooker Chemical
    Look behind the elab for a brownfield site...
    Module 55: Future solutions
    Life Cycle Analysis: Cradle to grave analysis (e.g. white MacBooks vs. aluminum MacBook pros)
    (see cradle to cradle above)

    e2: design 3.6 super use
    1. Cesere says that “the only abnormal thing is mankind” Why?
    2. Do you recognize the recycling station in the Netherlands? (hint: think locally)
    3. What is the connection with waste streams?
    4. Why are architects uniquely crucial in the video?
    5. What recycled materials to you recognize in the espresso bar?
    6. What is the psychological aspect they mention?
    7. How is the design process “backwards thinking”?
    8. What did you think of the shoe store? Would you shop there? Why?
    9. What can you imagine using 6 billion tires per year for globally?
    10. If the tires are not recycled globally, what disease do they promote?
    11. There is a "gimmicky" aspect of these projects-how practical are they, and what special intelligence must be involved in any project? How does this compare to traditional projects?
    12. Again, psychologically how does curiosity about a store engage the customers?
    13. What is the "harvest map”? How could the internet make this more possible?
    14. What are the health aspects of using recycled materials? Why is it easier to use new materials from this aspect?
    15. Quantity, standardization and ease of use are cited-why?
    16. If "cradle to cradle” reuse becomes more pervasive, could some materials be created with recycling in mind? What are you thinking of?
    17. How does the Welpeloo project (glass home lady, Ingrid Blans) compare with the elab Living Building Challenge? Were any recycled materials used in the elab?
    18. What about her kitchen?
    19. All wood in the elab was “SPF” and “FSC certified”. Why are these important?
    20. Rotterdam was completely demolished in the second world war, as was Dresden and several other European cities. Architects love the architecture of Chicago. What do these three cities have in common, and what opportunities do they present?
    21. Why would the newer apartment buildings have insulation on the North side, and glass on the South side?
    22. Refurbishing existing buildings is a huge market, as opposed to tearing down a structure and starting from scratch. What are the benefits outlined in the video?
    23. What does "cheaper" really mean in the broadest sense?
    24. Why is "close by" important?
    25. Why are the “layers” in the design mentioned important?
    26. How does this reverse the normal design process?







    Comments

    /groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/index.rss?tag=hotlist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/?tag=hotWhat’s HotHotListHot!?tag=hot6/groups/apenvironmentalscience/sidebar/HotListadminadmin2020-08-19 15:43:59+00:002020-08-19 15:43:59updated30adminadmin2011-09-08 21:36:21+00:002011-09-08 21:36:21updated29adminadmin2011-08-24 23:20:40+00:002011-08-24 23:20:40updated28adminadmin2011-08-24 22:42:36+00:002011-08-24 22:42:36updated27adminadmin2011-08-22 02:41:09+00:002011-08-22 02:41:09updated26adminadmin2011-08-22 02:40:02+00:002011-08-22 02:40:02updated25adminadmin2011-08-21 20:39:11+00:002011-08-21 20:39:11updated24adminadmin2011-08-21 20:30:42+00:002011-08-21 20:30:42updated23adminadmin2011-08-21 20:30:13+00:002011-08-21 20:30:13updated22adminadmin2011-08-21 20:25:48+00:002011-08-21 20:25:48updated21adminadmin2011-08-21 20:25:18+00:002011-08-21 20:25:18updated20adminadmin2011-08-21 00:22:12+00:002011-08-21 00:22:12updated19adminadmin2011-08-21 00:18:56+00:002011-08-21 00:18:56updated18adminadmin2011-08-21 00:15:43+00:002011-08-21 00:15:43updated17adminadmin2011-08-21 00:12:37+00:002011-08-21 00:12:37updated16adminadmin2011-08-21 00:12:02+00:002011-08-21 00:12:02updated15adminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:41+00:002011-08-20 23:59:41updated14Added tag - hotadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:38+00:002011-08-20 23:59:38addTag13Added tag - conservationadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:32+00:002011-08-20 23:59:32addTag12Added tag - critical thinkingadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:19+00:002011-08-20 23:59:19addTag11Added tag - ch1adminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:08+00:002011-08-20 23:59:08addTag10Added tag - sustainabilityadminadmin2011-08-20 23:59:05+00:002011-08-20 23:59:05addTag9adminadmin2011-08-20 20:47:39+00:002011-08-20 20:47:39updated8adminadmin2011-08-20 20:46:15+00:002011-08-20 20:46:15updated7adminadmin2011-08-20 20:43:07+00:002011-08-20 20:43:07updated6adminadmin2011-08-20 19:14:13+00:002011-08-20 19:14:13updated5adminadmin2011-08-20 19:11:26+00:002011-08-20 19:11:26updated4adminadmin2011-08-20 18:59:57+00:002011-08-20 18:59:57updated3adminadmin2011-08-20 18:56:59+00:002011-08-20 18:56:59updated2First createdadminadmin2010-11-07 01:41:28+00:002010-11-07 01:41:28created1wiki2020-08-19T15:43:59+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/welcomeFalseCh01 Overview/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/welcome/Ch01_Overview.htmladmin30 updatesCh01 Overview Welcome to our APES wiki. You should be able to do the following after logging in with your account: To create a new page, click the ...Falseadmin2020-08-19T15:43:59+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:03+00:002013-02-05 02:24:03updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:24:02+00:002013-02-05 02:24:02addTag3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:05:35+00:002013-02-05 02:05:35updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:03:35+00:002013-02-05 02:03:35created1wiki2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8FalseEnergy notes/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/394a8/Energy_notes.htmladmin4 updatesEnergy notes Week of 2.4.13: energy wrap-up e2 video: coal vs. nuclear in class AP exams: FRQ 2002.1 2004.2 2006.1 2007.2 2008.1 ...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:24:03+00:00adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:20+00:002013-02-05 02:23:20updated6Added tag - hotadminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:18+00:002013-02-05 02:23:18addTag5adminadmin2013-02-05 02:23:12+00:002013-02-05 02:23:12updated4adminadmin2013-02-05 02:21:48+00:002013-02-05 02:21:48updated3adminadmin2013-02-05 02:20:26+00:002013-02-05 02:20:26updated2First createdadminadmin2013-02-05 02:06:00+00:002013-02-05 02:06:00created1wiki2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360bFalseFeb-May plan/groups/apenvironmentalscience/wiki/c360b/FebMay_plan.htmladmin6 updatesFeb-May plan 1. conclusion of energy chapters (see previous wiki) 2. GCC AP questions FRQ: 2006.2 2005.3 2005.4 2007.3 ...Falseadmin2013-02-05T02:23:20+00:00adminadmin2012-03-07 05:53:55+00:002012-03-07 05:53:55updated14adminadmin2012-03-07 05:43:38+00:002012-03-07 05:43:38updated13adminadmin2012-03-07 05:41:35+00:002012-03-07 05:41:35updated12adminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:57+00:002012-03-07 05:38:57updated11Added tag - hotadminadmin2012-03-07 05:38:55+00:002012-03-07 05:38:55addTag10adminadmin2012-03-07 05:36:47+00:002012-03-07 05:36:47updated9adminadmin2012-03-07 05:22:26+00:002012-03-07 05:22:26updated8adminadmin2012-03-07 05:20:01+00:002012-03-07 05:20:01updated7adminadmin2012-03-07 05:18:58+00:002012-03-07 05:18:58updated6adminadmin2012-03-07 04:58:55+00:002012-03-07 04:58:55updated5adminadmin2012-03-07 04:57:33+00:002012-03-07 04:57:33updated4adminadmin2012-03-07 04:56:53+00:002012-03-07 04:56:53updated3adminadmin2012-03-07 04:54:20+00:002012-03-07 04:54:20updated2First createdadminadmin2012-03-07 04:53:33+00:002012-03-07 04:53:33created1weblog2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030FalseGreen Apple/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/de030/Green_Apple.htmladmin14 updatesGreen Apple Team, Please watch this video about NYC: Trailer: http://www.pbs.org/e2/episodes/101_the_green_apple_trailer.html On the server: http://physics.hpa...Falseadmin2012-03-07T05:53:55+00:00adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:24+00:002011-09-13 19:08:24updated4Added tag - hotadminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:22+00:002011-09-13 19:08:22addTag3adminadmin2011-09-13 19:08:10+00:002011-09-13 19:08:10updated2First createdadminadmin2011-09-13 19:04:30+00:002011-09-13 19:04:30created1weblog2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecddFalseQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/4ecdd/Questions_for_Wednesday_wiki_adds.htmladmin4 updatesQuestions for Wednesday, wiki adds Team, I'd like to try something for class tomorrow: each of you to create a question from chapter 3, and email it to me by this evening (Tuesday). Pl...Falseadmin2011-09-13T19:08:24+00:00hot/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/index.rss?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcomelist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/search/?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcomeRecent ChangesRecentChangesListUpdates?sort=modifiedDate&kind=all&sortDirection=reverse&excludePages=wiki/welcome0/groups/apenvironmentalscience/sidebar/RecentChangesListmodifiedDateallRecent ChangesRecentChangesListUpdateswiki/welcomeNo recent changes.reverse5searchlist/groups/apenvironmentalscience/calendar/Upcoming EventsUpcomingEventsListEvents1Getting events…